Reading and Levels of Thinking

As you read, be sure to think at each level. Here is a list of questions to help you read and think at each level.
 
Level of Thinking Question
Knowledge What information do I need to learn?
Comprehension What are the main points and how are they supported?
Application How can I use this information?
Analysis How is this material organized? How are the ideas related? How are the data presented in graphs, tables, and charts related? What trends do they reveal?
Synthesis How does this information fit with other sources (class lectures, other readings, prior knowledge)?
Evaluation Is this information accurate, reliable, and valuable? Does the author prove his or her points?

 
Level Examples
Knowledge
recalling information, repeating information with no changes
Recalling dates, memorizing definitions for a history exam
Comprehension
understanding ideas, using rules and following directions
Explaining a mathematical law, knowing how the human ear functions, explaining a definition in psychology
Application
applying knowledge to a new situation
Using knowledge of formulas to solve a new physics problem
Analysis
seeing relationships, breaking information into parts, analyzing how things work
Comparing two poems by the same author
Synthesis
putting ideas and information together in a unique way, creating something new
Designing a new computer program
Evaluation
making judgements, assessing the value or worth of information
Evaluating the effectiveness of an argument opposing the death penalty

Back to Reading in the Textbook Reading Workshop

Materials from, Flemming, READING FOR RESULTS, 4ed 1990 315920^ Developmental English
displayed with special permission of Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.

 

We have not read an author till we have seen his object, whatever it may be, as he saw it.
- Carlyle